Effect of Ethanol Leaf – Extract of Justicia carnea on Body Weight and Hematology of Cadmium Chloride Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats
Keywords:
Keywords: hematology, body weight, wistar rats, Justicia carnea, cadmium chloride.Abstract
Medicinal plants are good sources of antioxidants that prevent body cells against oxidative assaults. They can also occasionally act as pro-oxidants to alter biochemical pathways and organ functions. The present study was carried out to determine the effects of ethanol leaf- extract of Justicia carnea on body weight and some hematological parameters of cadmium chloride-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. A total of forty seven adult Wistar rats (males) were used. While twelve rats were used for acute toxicity study of the extract, Thirty five divided into seven groups of five animals each were used for the body weight and hematological study. The groups were group A (Normal control/normal animals), group B (Negative control/untreated animals), group C (Positive control/group treated with standard drug (100mg/kg Silymarin)), group D (animals treated with 100mg/kgbwt extract(pre and post treatment)), group E (animal treated 300 mg/kgbwt (pre and post treatment)), group F (animals treated with 100mg/kgbwt extract (post treatment)) and group G (animals treated with 300mg/kgbwt extract (post treatment)). Both Pretreatment (treatment before induction) and post treatment (treatment after induction) of the extract were carried out on groups D and E at doses of 100mg/kgbwt and 300 mg/kgbwt respectively and in groups F and G only post treatment of the extract were carried out at doses of 100mg/kgbwt and 300mg/kgbwt respectively. While the treatment of groups D and E was effective for four weeks, treatment of groups F and G lasted for two weeks and treatment effects on body weight, full blood count, differential blood cells were compared with the three controls (normal, Negative and Positive Controls). In the acute toxicity test, the results of the two phases indicated that LD50 of the extract could be higher than 5000mg/kg bwt as no death or observed toxicity was recorded after doses of 10 to 5000 mg/kg bwt. The results indicate progressive and significant (p<0.05) increase in body weight in all the groups. The result of HGB, PCV and RBC showed significant (p<0.05) increase while WBC showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in groups D, E, F and G when compared to negative control, the result of neutrophil and lymphocyte showed significant (p<0.05) increase in all the groups compared to normal control. The results of esinophil and monocytes counts showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in ethanol extract treated groups when compared with normal control. The same result was obtained in basophils except group E that showed significant (p<0.05) increase when compared with the normal control. The results of this study suggest that ethanol leaf extract of J. carnea is relatively safe and could be beneficial in alleviating hematology related abnormalities.
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